IB Psychology HL

Focus on the learning outcomes, and do NOT try to answer all of them. Instead, choose two from each topic you are specified in, and learn these. Do NOT try to memorize an entire essay but rather understand the subject and know the cases really well, otherwise, it might get stressful if you feel like during the exam you want to implement something in your essay but it does not fit with what you have memorized. Comment down below if you have any questions or need help, good luck with your exams!

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Explain one study related to localization of function. Localisation of brain function refers to the theory that psychological functions are located in specific areas of the brain. This means that certain brain structures or brain regions are in charge of particular behaviours, cognitions, and emotions. One study that was made investigating the localisation of function was the study by Maguire et al. in 2000, where they were researching the spatial memory which is a function of the hippocampus. The study made by Maguire et al. in 2000 aimed to examine possible changes in the brain of taxi driver, and specifically focusing on the development of the spatial memory in the hippocampus. The researchers also wanted to find out if there was a correlation between the duration that the taxi drivers had been working and the size of the hippocampus. The participants of this study were 16 males. They were all right-handed, physically healthy and between the ages of 32 and 62 years. They were ...

Outline two principles that define the biological level of analysis. The biological level of analysis argues that there are physiological origins of behaviour and that human beings should be studied as biological systems. This means that we should also consider how the environment and cognition may interact with biological systems and affect physiology, as this is a bidirectional relationship. A bidirectional relationship simply means that two things can affect each other, such as biology can affect cognition and cognition can affect biology. There are multiple principles that define the biological of analysis, which means that these create the basis for the theories within this area of analysis, and two of them are patterns of behaviour can be inherited and non-human animal research can inform understanding of human behaviour. The first principle is patterns of behaviour can be inherited. This means that human behaviours, cognitions, and emotions can to some extent be explained ...

The biological level of analysis argues that there are physiological origins of behaviour and that human beings should be studied as biological systems. This means that we should also consider how the environment and cognition may interact with biological systems and affect physiology, as this is a bidirectional relationship. A bidirectional relationship simply means that two things can affect each other, such as biology can affect cognition and cognition can affect biology. There are multiple principles that define the biological of analysis, which means that these create the basis for the theories within this area of analysis, and two of them are patterns of behaviour can be inherited and non-human animal research can inform understanding of human behaviour. The first principle is patterns of behaviour can be inherited. This means that human behaviours, cognitions, and emotions can to some extent be explained through genetic inheritance and evolutionary adaptations. Studies that...

5.2 Discuss validity and reliability of diagnosis. Diagnosis Diagnosis within abnormal psychology means identifying and classifying abnormal behaviour on the basis of symptoms, the patients’ self-reports, observations, clinical tests or other factors such as information from relatives. Clinicians use psychological assessment and diagnostic manuals to make diagnosis. The diagnostic manuals help to classify and standardize diagnosis. Diagnosis involves matching the results of the psychological assessment with classification systems such as DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10. The purpose of diagnosis is to find a treatment for the patient and to make a prognosis. Diagnostic manuals DSM-IV, now in its fourth revised version, is developed by the American Psychiatric Association. The manual lists what it terms “mental disorders”. For each of the 300 disorders there is a list of symptoms that the clinician could look for in order to diagnose correctly. A new fifth version is on its way...