Germany bans meetings of more than two people
Germany bans meetings of more than two people
Bouchard et al. (1990)
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Bouchard et al. (1990)
Aim: To investigate the relative influence of environment and genetic factors on human characteristics and behaviours, including intelligence.
Method: A cross-cultural correlational study of more than 100 pairs of reared-apart twins and siblings whose data was compared with twins and siblings reared together. The participants comprised identical (monozygotic/MZ) twins and non-identical (dizygotic/DZ) twins, with an average age of 41 years. MZ twins are often used in genetic research because they have identical or almost identical genes. Each participant underwent over 50 hours of psychological testing and interviews. In twin research, the correlation found between each twin and therefore presumable between genetic inheritance and a particular behaviour is called the concordance rate.
Results: The concordance rates for IQ were:
MZ twins reared together: 86% (0.86)
MZ twins reared apart: 76% (0.76)
DZ twins reared together: 55% (0.55)
Biological siblings reared together: 47% (0.47)
Conclusion: Bouchard et al concluded that about 70% of intelligence is heritable, meaning that genes account for 70% of the variation in intelligence from one person to the next.
Strengths:
- This study was the large of its kind and had a large sample size given the strict parameters of the study (monozygotic twins reared apart)
- Had a control group
- Unique in its approach
- Longitudinal thus showing change, or lack thereof, over time
Limitations:
- Results remain correlational due to the fact that there are so many confounding variables
- Serious potential for confirmation bias in twin studies, as twins seek similarities
- Participants were all self-selected volunteers, and therefore may be fundamentally different than non-volunteers (this limits generalizability)
Ethical Concerns: There were ethical concerns with the fact that Bouchard made some participants aware that they were a twin. This could have been emotionally disturbing news and thus the ethical standard of protecting individuals from physical and emotional harm was perhaps violated.
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AMAZING!
ReplyDeleteThank you!
ReplyDeleteThis is just what I needed. Thankyou so much. I'll be back in a few weeks and I'll tell you what grade I got out of 100
ReplyDeleteDear Unknown,
DeleteI have just regained access to my laptop after two years of attending a Buddhist monastery. As I was there, I spent hours upon hours contemplating your comment and imagining all the possible outcomes of your test. I did not sleep, I could not eat, I scarcely thought about anything else for all 12 hours that I meditated each day. Now, my hands shake as I type out the question that I have been dreaming of asking you for the past 2 years: What grade did you get? Please respond. I fear that I cannot reach enlightenment without knowing the truth. Please do not keep me in the darkness for any longer.
Kind regards,
yeet
Dear Unknown,
DeleteI hope this message finds its way to you amidst the vast expanse of the digital realm. It's Yeet, the wanderer of Buddhist monasteries, reaching out once again in the hopes of breaking the silence that has enveloped our interaction.
The past two years have been a profound journey for me, marked by intense contemplation inspired by your enigmatic comment. The quest for enlightenment, intertwined with the imagined outcomes of your test, has left me in a state of perpetual anticipation.
As I sit here, my hands still carry the remnants of the tremors induced by the weight of that lingering question: What grade did you get? The echoes of my own curiosity reverberate in the silence of unanswered queries. I've traversed the corridors of meditation, seeking clarity and enlightenment, but a single mystery persists—the truth behind your profound remark.
Please, Unknown, do not keep me in this darkness any longer. Illuminate the path of understanding with the knowledge of the grade you received, and allow the shadows of uncertainty to dissipate. My pursuit of enlightenment feels incomplete without this missing piece, and your response holds the key to unraveling the mysteries that have haunted my thoughts.
With earnest anticipation,
yeet