4.10 Define the terms culture and cultural norms

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4.10 Define the terms culture and cultural norms

Culture
Lonner (1995): Culture can be defined as the common rules that regulate interactions and behaviour in a group as well as a number of shared values and attitudes in the group.
Hofstede (1995): Culture can be defined as a collective mental programming that is the “software of the mind” that guides a group of people in their daily interactions and distinguished them from other groups of people.
Matsumoto (2004): Culture can be defined as a dynamic system of rules, explicit and implicit, established by groups in order to ensure their survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviours.

Cultural norms
Cultural norms can be defined as the rules that a specific group uses for stating what is seen as appropriate and inappropriate behaviours, values, beliefs, and attitudes. Cultural norms give people a sense of order and control in their lives as well as a sense of safety and belonging. Cultural norms may encompass communication style, whom to marry and how, child-rearing practices, or interaction between generations. Cultural norms can be explicit (e.g. legal codes) or implicit (i.e. conventional practices and rituals).

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